The potential biological activities of methanol extract and 5 fractions (hexane, $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc, BuOH and water) from roots of Astragalus membranaceus were examined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical (${cdot}OH$) scavenging activity, reducing power assays, lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity, $alpha$-amylase and $alpha$-glucosidase inhibition assays. The EtOAc fraction showed high DPPH free radical scavenging activity ($EC_{50}=170.34;{mu}g/mL$), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity ($EC_{50}=32.14;{mu}g/mL$), lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity ($EC_{50}=52.46;{mu}g/mL$) and a concentration dependence, with OD value ranging from 0.234 to 0.345 (0.1 to 0.5 mg/mL), for reducing power. The EtOAc fraction has the highest total phenolic content ($142.13;Gal;{mu}g/mg$) and the $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction has the highest flavonoid content ($71.63;Que;{mu}g/mg$). Meanwhile, hexane and EtOAc showed certain $alpha$-amylase and $alpha$-glucosidase inhibition activities. These results suggest that the methanol extract and fractions from Astragalus membranaceus root have significant antioxidant and anti-diabetes activities, which could be used as a potential source of pharmaceutical materials.