Silk fibroin membrane was prepared and examined to know the feasibility of SF membrane as guided bone regeneration. The morphology of silk membrane was flat and smooth surface. The conformation of silk fibroin was $eta$-sheet structure. When the silk membrane was applied on the rat calvarial defect model, it showed significantly higher new bone formation than uncovered control in histomorphometric analysis. The silk membrane was covered by thin fibrotic tissue and there was not observed any inflammatory cells infiltration. In conclusion, silk fibroin membrane could be useful materials for guided bone regeneration.