One-dimensional nanostructures have been researched widely because of its unique physical properties such as optical, electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties in comparison with bulk structures. Especially nanotubular structures are able to provide larger surface area, capability to load purposeful materials, and unique mechanical modulus. We reviewed the oxide nanotube technology with focusing on the method of template-directed fabrication. We can easily control of physical dimensions of nanotubes by control of nanotemplate and fabrication condition. and template-directed fabrication is ideal tool to fabricate the amount of monodisperse nanotubes. They have potentials for application in solar cell, drug-delivery, Li-ion batteries and photocatalyst. We discussed these potential applications and research trends.