ARecent developments in the aerospace and automotive industries have significantly affected the progress of modern manufacturing technologies, including the heat treatment of gear wheels. This view has been expressed in the works of Grafen and Edenhofer (1999), Herring and Houghton (1995), Preisser et al. (1998) and Sugiyama et al. (1999). For ecological and economic reasons, however, traditional treatments are still in use. Additionally, the implementation of a new process in the aerospace industry is very difficult due to the safety precautions that are involved in this kind of production. In order to protect the surfaces of components from disadvantageous structural changes related to the hardening process (oxidation, decarburization and carburizing) galvanic copper plating is widely used even though the process is known to be harmful to the environment. On the other hand, as pointed out by Dawes and Cooksey (1965), it is commonly known that the most effective protection of a batch against these undesirable effects is a protective atmosphere applied during the heating. Therefore, the development of a fully controlled and repeatable process of gear wheel heat treatment under a protective atmosphere will reduce the global emission of toxic substances originating from galvanic copper plating and cooper stripping processes, while at the same time providing more effective protection of the parts.