Turbocharger in the application to a diesel engine was widely used in automobile industries for the improvement of engine performance. To comply with stringent emission standards, ball bearing turbocharger has been developed by applying new emission reduction technology. Up to date turbocharger has been proved as an essential part of diesel engines by demonstrating its improved engine performance, fuel efficiency and reduced emission as well. In this research, the performance of the ball bearing turbocharger was compared by the conventional journal bearing type turbocharger. The results shows that ball baring turbocharger was proved to be 10~13% higher fuel efficiency and 30% less average emission than journal bearing turbocharger.