Objectives : In this study, we compared the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Curcumae longae Radix (CLRa) and Curcumae longae Rhizoma (CLRh). Methods : We performed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) cation scavenging assays, and determined total polyphenolic content to examine the anti-oxidant effects of CLRa and CLRh. We also evaluated the anti-oxidant effects of CLRa and CLRh against hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced toxicity in PC12 cells using thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays. Next, to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of CLRa and CLRh against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in microglia BV2 cells, we measured nitric oxide (NO) assay and inducible nitrite synthase (iNOS) using Western blotting analysis. Results : CLRa showed higher activity in DPPH and ABTS assays and lower total polyphenolic contents compared with CLRh. In PC12 cells, CLRa and CLRh showed no difference in H2O2-induced cell toxicity and ROS overproduction. In BV2 cells, CLRa showed higher effect than CLRh in NO and iNOS production induced by LPS. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that CLRa has higher radical scavenging activities and anti-inflammatory effect in BV2 cells comparing CLRh. However, CLRa and CLRh have no effect and no difference in $H_2O_2$-induced toxicity.