We analyzed and compared the concentration of total cholesterol (CHOL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) in serum and the serum protein electrophoresis fractions of thyroid disease patients. In comparison with the average of reference, our data showed that the average concentration of CHOL, LDL cholesterol and TG in hyperthyroidism patients were decreased significantly, but HDL cholesterol was increased significantly. In hypothyroidism patients, CHOL, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and TG were all increased significantly. In comparison of the concentration of lipids in each patient to reference range, 28.3% of hyperthyroidism patients showed abnormally low level of total cholesterol. In the patients with hypothyroidism, the percentage of patients showed abnormally high level of CHOL, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and TG were 37.7%, 10%, 68.8% and 49.1%, respectively. In our studies of serum protein electrophoresis, the average of ${alpha}_2$-globulin and $gamma$-globulin in hyperthyroidism patients were increased and $eta$-globulin was decreased significantly. In hypothyroidism patients, the average of $gamma$-globulin was increased and $eta$-globulin was decreased significantly. In comparison of protein fractions of each patient to reference range, 38.3% and 50.0% of hyperthyroidism patients showed abnormally high levels of ${alpha}_2$-globulin and $gamma$-globulin, but 73.3% of patients showed abnormally low level of $eta$-globulin. In hypothyroidism patients, 70.4% of patients were abnormally decreased in $eta$-globulin and 63.9% of patients were abnormally increased in $gamma$-globulin. These data suggest that the concentrations of CHOL, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and TG are not critical data for clinical interpretation of hyperthyroidism, but the levels of them are useful for interpretation of hypothyroidism patients. Our results of serum protein electrophoresis suggest that the concentration of serum protein electrophoresis fractions can be useful to understand the thyroid disease.