The present paper attempts to investigate the factors which may affect the attitude toward Oriental Medicine among the university students in Korea and China. The research on determining factors that may influence the attitude toward the Oriental Medicine can provide the answers for the question how the traditional things can acquire their present position and make a development in modern society. The East Asian countries such as Korea and China have promoted the western-style changes and development, thinking that modernization means the westernization. Given this, the research on the attitude toward Oriental Medicine can be a good case study that shows how tradition sustains its place and develops. The present study makes two hypotheses in order to analyze the factors which make the influence on the attitude toward the Oriental Medicine: Hypothesis there will be no significant difference between the socio-demographic variables and attitude toward Oriental Medicine. Hypothesis there will be significant differences between traditionalism, modernity, nationalism, and attitude toward Oriental Medicine. The statistical results show that hypothesis 1 was confirmed in the case of the gender of the participants, whereas it was not confirmed in the case of the birthplace, economic status, and nationality. And hypothesis 2 was not confirmed in the relations between nationalism and modernity and the attitude toward Oriental Medicine, whereas it was confirmed in the relations between traditionalism and the traditional medical concept and attitude toward Oriental Medicine.