Purpose: This study was performed to investigate effects of Boyanghwano-Tang on the development of experimentally-induced endometriosis in rats. Methods: Endometriosis was induced in rats by autotransplanting uterine tissue to the peritoneum and divided them into three groups: (1) sham-operated group(n=8), (2) surgically induced endometriosis and untreated control group (n=8), (3) surgically induced endometriosis and Boyanghwano-Tang treated group. Boyanghwano-Tang was orally administrated for 15 days after operation. Then we measured the body weight, the volume of endometriotic implants, the weight of uterus and ovary, and investigated the concentration of cytokines (MCP-1, TNF-$alpha$, IL-$1{eta}$, IL-6) in peritoneal fluids. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry for COX-2 and VEGF, and histochemistry for mast cell in transplanted uterine tissue were performed. Results: - The volume($mm^3$) of endometriotic implants in Boyanghwano-Tang treated group ($122.3{pm}45.0$) was significantly decreased(p<0.05) compared with control group($222.1{pm}109.1$). - The concentration(pg/$m{ell}$) of MCP-1 in peritoneal fluids in Boyanghwano-Tang treated group($1026.3{pm}196.5$) was significantly decreased(p<0.05) compared with control group($1412.5{pm}345.7$). - The concentration(pg/$m{ell}$) of TNF-$alpha$ in peritoneal fluids in Boyanghwano-Tang treated group($936.5{pm}94.3$) was significantly decreased(p<0.01) compared with control group($1126.2{pm}139.9$). - The concentration(pg/$m{ell}$) of IL-$1{eta}$ in peritoneal fluids in Boyanghwano-Tang treated group($78.5{pm}13.3$) was significantly decreased(p<0.01) compared with control group($105.3{pm}17.6$). - The concentration(pg/$m{ell}$) of IL-6 in peritoneal fluids in Boyanghwano-Tang treated group($107.4{pm}15.8$) was decreased compared with control group($122.8{pm}19.3$). - Histopathologically, proliferation of endometriotic epithelia, infiltration of inflammatory cells and angiogenesis in transplanted uterine tissue of Boyanghwano-Tang treated group were weakly observed than those of control group. - The percentage of positive epithelial layers for COX-2 in Boyanghwano-Tang treated group($51.5{pm}14.1$) was significantly decreased(p<0.01) compared with control group($75.1{pm}16.3$). - The VEGF expression of endometriotic epithelia, neovascular endothelia and stromal cells in transplanted uterine tissue of Boyanghwano-Tang treated group were weakly observed than those of control group. - The number of mast cells in adjacent tissue of transplanted uterine tissue in Boyanghwano-Tang treated group($75.9{pm}13.1$) was decreased compared with control group($91.0{pm}28.3$). Conclusion: On the basis of these results, we concluded that Boyanghwano-Tang have inhibiting effects on the development of transplanted uterine tissue. And these effects may be related with decreased production of MCP-1, TNF-$alpha$, IL-$1{eta}$ and decreased expression of COX-2 and VEGF by administration of Boyanghwano-Tang.