Recently, one dimensional structures such as nanotubes or nanofiber prepared from metal oxides draw wide range of attention because they can be used in various applications such as sensor, catalyst, filter and medical fields. In this study, iron oxide nanofibers were prepared by a sol-gel reaction and electrospinning method. To obtain iron oxide nanofibers, as-spun organic-inorganic hybrid nanofibers were calcined at a high temperature, and the iron oxide nanofibers obtained were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, and X-ray diffractometry. From the X-ray analysis, the crytal growth of iron oxide nanofibers was identified.