The purpose of this study was to develop the $PM_{2.5}$ source profiles for diesel and gasoline-powered vehicles, which contained mass abundances in terms of mass fraction of $PM_{2.5}$ of chemical species. Seven diesel-powered vehicles and nine gasoline-powered vehicles were sampled from a chassis dynamometer exhaust dilution system. The species measured were water-soluble ions, elements, elemental carbon (EC), and organic carbon (OC). From this study, the large abundances of EC (54.5%), OC (26.0%), ${SO_4}^{2-}$ (1.5%), ${NO_3}^-$ (0.8%), and S (0.6%) were observed from the diesel-powered vehicle exhaust showing that carbons were dominant species. The gasoline-powered vehicle exhaust emitted large abundances of OC (38.3%), EC (4.2%), ${SO_4}^{2-}$ (3.6%), ${NH_4}^+$ (3.5%), and ${NO_3}^-$ (3.0%). The abundances of ${SO_4}^{2-}$, ${NH_4}^+$, and ${NO_3}^-$ from gasoline vehicle were greater than those of diesel vehicle. The emissions of P, S, Ca, Fe, and Zn among trace elements for the gasoline vehicle were greater than 1% of the $PM_{2.5}$ mass unlike those for the diesel vehicle. Particularly, the fraction of Zn was five times higher from the gasoline vehicle than that from the diesel vehicle. The source profiles developed in this work were intensively examined by applying chemical mass balance model.