This study evaluated and compared the cell adhesion and spreading behavior on the surfaces of biodegradable poly(L,L-lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(L,L-lactic acid-co-lysine) (PLAL) films. The thermal stability and film surface properties were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess the physicochemical characteristics affecting the cell adhesion behavior of materials, PLA and PLAL. Mouse fibroblast cells were cultured on the surface of stainless steel wafers coated with PLA and PLAL. SEM images showed most of the cells spreading slightly on the PLA coating film with a linkage of cellular pseudopods. The degree of cell spreading on the PLAL surface would be higher than that of PLA due to the side-chain effect of (+) charged amino groups easily inducing cell adhesion and spreading. Moreover, the cell viability was also evaluated on PLA and PLAL using a MTT assay, and no acute cytotoxicity was observed.