A series of sesquiterpenes and hinokitiol-related compounds (1-15) was isolated from the essential oil of Thujopsis dolabrata Sieb. et Zucc. var. hondai Makino, and their structures were determined by combined spectroscopic analyses. The inhibitory effects of these compounds on microbial cell growth and $Na^+/K^+$-ATPase were evaluated in vitro. It was found that (-)-elema-1,3,11(13)-trien-12-ol (5), $alpha$,$eta$,$gamma$-costol (8), and chamigrenol (11) inhibit the activities of $Na^+/K^+$-ATPase, with $IC_{50}$ values of $11.2{pm}0.11$, $12.2{pm}0.09$, and $15.9{pm}0.54{mu}g/mL$, respectively. Thujopsene (1), cedrol (9), ${gamma}$-cuparenol (10), and chamigrenol (11) showed potent antibacterial activity, with MIC values in the range of $25-50{mu}g/mL$, and ${eta}$-thujaplicin (12) exhibited a broad spectrum of antibacterial and antifungal activity. These results indicate that these isolated compounds are promising candidates for the development of potent $Na^+/K^+$ ATPase inhibitors and antimicrobial agents.