본 연구에서는 버섯류 5품목에 대한 중금속 (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)의 함량을 조사하고 확률론적 방법을 적용하여 버섯류의 위해성 평가를 수행하였다. 분석결과에 대한 유효성 검증을 위하여 표준인증물질을 분석한 결과 98.03~104.06%의 회수율을 얻었다. 주산지역의 버섯류 5종을 각 품목당 30종씩 모니터링한 결과, 비소의 평균함량은 0.035 mg/kg, 카드뮴은 0.017 mg/kg, 납은 0.043 mg/kg, 수은은 0.004 mg/kg으로 기준이 설정되어 있는 항목에 대해서는 EU 기준 (Cd 0.2 mg/kg, Pb 0.3 mg/kg) 대비 모두 기준 이하였다. 버섯류 중 중금속 노출 기여도가 높은 버섯은 표고>느타리>양송이 순이었으며, 버섯류 5종 모두 위해성 평가 결과 위해지수 1.0 이하로 위해성이 없는 것으로 평가되었다. 비소, 카드뮴, 납, 수은을 모두 합산하여 위해지수를 분석한 결과 일반인의 경우 0.003, 고섭취군인 경우 0.008로 인체 위해성이 없는 것으로 확인하였으며, 모든 식품 중 중금속 노출량에 대한 버섯류의 기여도를 감안하면 식이를 통한 안전에는 문제가 없는 것으로 판단된다.
BACKGROUND: Many edible mushrooms are known to accumulate high levels of heavy metals. This research was focused on health risk assessment to investigate the mushrooms in Korea, arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) contaminations in edible mushrooms in cultivated areas were investigated, and health risk was assessed through dietary intake of mushrooms. METHODS AND RESULTS: The heavy metals in mushrooms were analyzed by ICP/MS after acid digestion. Probabilistic health risk were estimated by Monte-Carlo simulation techniques. The average contents of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg were $0.035{pm}0.042$ mg/kg, $0.017{pm}0.020$ mg/kg, $0.043{pm}0.013$ mg/kg, and $0.004{pm}0.004$ mg/kg, respectively. The results showed that contents of Cd and Pb did not exceed maximum residual levels established by European Uion regulation (Cd 0.20 mg/kg and Pb 0.30 mg/kg). For health risk assessment, estimated intakes in all age populations did not exceed the provisional tolerable daily intake of As and Hg, provisional tolerable monthly intake of Cd, provisional tolerable weekly intake of Pb. The Hazard Index (HI) were ranged from $0.03{ imes}10^{-4}{sim}0.01{ imes}10^{-3}$ for As, $0.02{ imes}10^{-3}{sim}0.81{ imes}10^{-3}$ for Cd, $0.06{ imes}10^{-3}{sim}0.38{ imes}10^{-3}$ for Pb, and $0.08{ imes}10^{-4}{sim}0.14{ imes}10^{-3}$ for Hg at general population. CONCLUSION: The HI from the ratio analysis between daily exposure and safety level values was less than 1.0. This results demonstrated that human exposure to heavy metals through dietary intake of mushrooms might not cause adverse effect.
