The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of science-based STEAM astronomical learning program on space perception ability and scientific attitudes. For this study the 5 grade, 2 class was divided into a research group and a comparative group. The class was pre-tested in order to ensure the same standard. Space perception ability test and scientific attitudes test was used to find the effect of the science-based steam astronomical learning program. And the results were analyzed by spsswin 18.0. The results of this study were as follows. First, the science-based STEAM astronomical learning program was a positive effects on space perception ability of elementary students. Second, the science-based STEAM astronomical learning program was a positive effects on scientific attitudes of elementary students. According to this research, the science-based STEAM astronomical learning program was verified to improve space perception ability and scientific attitudes on the elementary students.