The column shortening measurement has been carried out during the construction phase of a tall building to verify the accuracy of the column shortening prediction. The measurement sensors were installed on the stories at a regular interval which was determined by considering the total number of stories. Such measurement is not suitable for the diagnosis of the discrepancy between prediction and measurement. In this study, the optimum locations for the measurement sensors were investigated through computational simulation. The most effective location for the sensor was the interior column on the first floor when the structural properties of all columns were equal. If the structural properties of columns were changed at a certain floor, the first floor and the changed floor were recommended for the installation of the sensors. The discrepancy was confirmed to be different depending on the error in the contributing factors. This study enables us to save the cost for measuring by installing the sensors at the optimum locations and to enhance the efficiency of the measurement by analyzing the causes of the discrepancy.