In this study, we investigated the production of bioethanol from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) using an $NH_4OH-H_2O_2$ pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SScF). Response surface methodology and a $2^3$ Box-Behnken design were used to evaluate the effect of different liquid mixture concentrations, liquid-to-solid ratios (LSRs) and pretreatment temperatures on the production of ethanol. The liquid mixture concentration and LSR significantly influenced the fermentation efficiency. Based on ridge max analysis, the following pretreatment conditions resulted in a fermentation efficiency of $95.79{pm}0.01%$: liquid mixture concentration 53%, LSR 28, and a temperature of $63^{circ}C$. A morphological analysis performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical characterization revealed that these pretreatment conditions were effective in disrupting the sugarcane fibers and removing lignin. Ethanol fermentation with the pretreated SCB using SScF in yeast SHY 07-1 resulted in an ethanol concentration of $14.65{pm}0.17$ g/L, an ethanol yield of $0.48{pm}0.01$ g/g, and an ethanol productivity of $0.12{pm}0.01$ g/(L/h), which represents increases of 106.02, 89.98, and 107.02%, respectively, over the values obtained from SScF with untreated SCB.