Purpose: This study purposed to examine the effect of the neonatal assessment ability and neonatal care ability of nursing students according to practice at school. Methods: The participants were 91 nursing students in the experimental group and 89 control group. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, fishers exact test, t-test, ANOVA. Results: The mean score of neonatal assessment ability was $39.01{pm}2.19$ in experimental group, $30.20{pm}6.48$ in control group. The mean score of neonatal care ability was $39.43{pm}2.31$ in experimental group, $33.67{pm}5.17$ in control group. Conclusion: From the studies reviewed, it can expect the positive effect to improving the infant care competence of nursing students in clinical field through pediatric nursing practice at school.