Cotton fabrics treated with hybrid materials were developed and prepared. A halogen-free flame retardant and an aromatic amide were blended and applied to cotton fabrics. Thermal and physical properties of the treated cotton fabrics were investigated. The surface of the pure and coated cotton fabrics was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The elemental composition of the coated surface of the cotton fabric was measured using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and compared with that of pure cotton fabric. After being solved in N,N-dimethylacetamide, m-aramid and triphenylphosphine oxide (TPP) were applied to cotton fabrics through a dip-pad-coagulation process. The treated cotton fabrics with recycled m-aramid/TPP resulted in increased limited oxygen index values and thermal resistance.