본 연구는 prebiotics와 probiotics가 in vitro 배양조건에서 돼지 장내 미생물 및 발효산물에 미치는 영향에 대하여 검토 하였다. prebiotics로써 이소말토-올리고당(IMO), 부분분해 치커리이눌린(CI), 라피노스(RA), 사이클로덱스트린(CD)을 사용하였으며 probiotics로는 Lactobacillus reuteri를 사용하였다. In vitro 발효시험은 육성돈 사료를 소화효소로 가수분해 시킨 사료와 5%의 돈분 그리고 prebiotics와 probiotics를 첨가 또는 무첨가하여 24시간 동안 배양시켰다. 배양 후 발효액 내의 미생물, 가스, pH, 암모니아, 황화수소, 단쇄지방산을 분석하였다. 엔테로박테리아는 prebiotics와 probiotics 첨가구가 대조구와 비교하여 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 락토바실러스 수는 유의적으로 증가하였다. 발효액의 pH는 대조구에 비하여 첨가구에서 낮았으며 prebiotics보다 prebiotics+probiotics 첨가구에서 더욱 낮았다. 암모니아, 황화수소 및 스카톨의 농도는 prebiotics+probiotics 구보다 prebiotics 첨가시 유의적으로 감소하였다. 단쇄지방산은 prebiotics 보다 prebiotics+probiotics 구에서 유의적으로 많이 생성되었다. 본 시험의 결과 prebiotics 첨가는 암모니아, 황화수소 및 스카톨의 농도를 감소시키는데 효과가 있었으며, prebiotics+probiotics는 유산균과 단쇄지방산의 농도를 증가시키는 효과가 있었다. In vitro에서 얻어진 실험 결과가 실제로 돼지에 급여 시 같은 결과가 얻어질런지에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.
In the present study, the effects of prebiotics and prebiotics+probiotics on intestinal microflora and fermentation products were evaluated in a pig in vitro fermentation model. The substrates used in this study were iso-malto oligosaccharide (IMO), partially digested chicory-inulin (CI), raffinose (RA), and cyclodextrin (CD) as prebiotics and Lactobacillus reiteri as probiotics. For a pig in vitro fermentation, the experimental diet for growing pigs was predigested using digestive enzymes secreted by small intestine and this hydrolyzed diet was mixed with a buffer solution containing 5% fresh swine feces. The mixture was then incubated with either prebiotics or prebiotics+probiotics for 24 h. Samples were taken at 24 h, and viable counts of microflora, gas, pH, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) were analyzed. The viable count of Enterobacteriaceae was significantly decreased (p<0.001) in all treatments containing prebiotics and prebiotics+probiotics when compared to the control. However, the number of lactic acid bacteria increased in the prebiotics and prebiotics+probiotics treatment. The pH values in the fermentation fluid decreased in all treatments when compared to the control, and their effects were greater in the prebiotics+probiotics group than prebiotics group. Fermentation with prebiotics resulted in a reduction in malodorous compounds such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and skatole when compared to the prebiotics+probiotics group. Short-chain fatty acid production was also higher for treatment with prebiotics+probiotics than treatment with prebiotics. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated that fermentation with prebiotics was effective in reducing the formation of malodorous compounds and prebiotics+probiotics was effective in increasing lactic acid bacteria and SCFA and reducing the pH. Moreover, further studies will be needed to determine whether the results observed in the in vitro model would occur in pigs that ingest these prebiotics or probiotics.
