본 연구는 국내 외에서 수집한 동부 유전자원 245점에 대한 작물학적 특성을 조사하여 품종육성 기초자료로 활용하고자 수행하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 개화일수는 41~50일(51.5%), 51~60일(43.7%), 등숙일수는 21~30일(53.9%), 31~40일(23.7%), 생육일수는 71~80일(26.9%), 81~90일(23.4%) 순으로 많이 분포하였다. 2. 신육형은 무한형 72.7%, 중간형 25.7%, 및 유한형 1.6%, 초형은 포복형 78.8%와 직립형 21.2%, 잎 모양은 심장형 98.4%와 피침(결각)형 1.6%, 꽃색은 보라색 85.2%, 백색 13.6% 및 연주색 1.2%씩 분포하였다. 3. 성숙 꼬투리색은 갈색 54.7%와 황갈색 37.6%, 착협위치는 아래로 향함 90.6%, 중간 5.7% 및 곧추섬 3.7%씩 분포하였다. 4. 종피색은 갈색 25.3%, 흑색 23.3%, 백색 20.8%, 종자모양은 계란형 66.9%, 장방형 24.9%, 신장형 8.2%씩 분포하였다. 5. 협장은 10.1~20.0 cm 89.0%, 20.1~30.0 cm 8.6%, 협당립수는 12.1~15립 62.0%, 9.1~12립 25.7%, 15.1~18립 9.1% 씩 분포하였다. 6. 백립중은 15.1~20.0 g 37.6%, 10.1~15.0 g 28.6%, 주당수량은 100.1~200.0 g 52.7%, 100.0 g 미만 22.9%, 200.1~300.0 g 15.9% 씩 분포하였다 7. 선발한 7자원 종실의 전분 함량은 44.1~57.0%, 단백질 함량은 23.3~27.5% 범위로 유의차가 있었다. Sucrose 함량은 자원에 따라 1.46~2.03% 범위에 포함되어 유의차가 인정되었다.
The purpose of this study was to provide basic information for breeding cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L.) by investigating the crop characteristics of 245 accessions of cowpea collected in Korea and abroad. All specimens flowered within 41 to 50 days (51.5%) or 51 to 60 days (43.7%) of sowing and matured 21 to 30 days (53.9%) or 31 to 40 days (23.7%) from flowering. Thus, the total time from sowing to maturity was either 71 to 80 days (26.9%) or 81 to 90 days (23.4%) for all specimens. The accessions were classified into indeterminate type (72.7%), intermediate type (25.7%) and determinate type (1.6%) based on growth; prostrate type (78.8%) and erect type (21.2%) based on plant type; heart shape (98.4%) and lanceolate (1.6%) based on leaflet shape; and purple (85.2%), white (13.6%) and light green (1.2%) based on corolla color. The accessions were classified into brown (54.7%) and yellowish brown (37.6%) based on color at pod maturity; and downward (90.6%), middle (5.7%) and standing upright (3.7%) based on pod setting position. Seed coat color varied as 25.3% were brown, 23.3% were black, and 20.8% were white. Seed shape also varied as 66.9% were egg-shaped, 24.9% were rectangular and 8.2% were kidney-shaped. Pod lengths ranged from 10.1-20.0 cm and from 20.1-30.0 cm in 89.0% and 8.6% of specimens, respectively. There were 12.1-15.0, 9.1-12.0, and 15.1-18.0 seeds per pod in 62.0%, 25.7% and 9.1% of specimens, respectively. The weight of one hundred seeds ranged from 15.1-20.0 g (37.6%) and 10.1-15.0 g (28.6%). Seed yields per plant were 100.1-200.0 g (52.7%), less than 100 g (22.9%), and 200.1-300.0 g (15.9%). The starch content in the seeds of the seven selected resources ranged from 44.1 to 57.0% while the protein content ranged from 23.3 to 27.5% with significant differences. The sucrose content ranged from 1.46 to 2.03%, also with significant differences.
