In the present work, polyamide6-room temperature ionic liquid (PA6-RTIL) composite nanofibers and membranes were successfully prepared for the first time by an electrospinning technique. The surface morphology, component analysis, mechanical properties, thermal properties and conductivity of the PA6-RTIL composite membranes were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), tensile testing, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and digit multimeter, respectively. The morphology, fiber diameter, mechanical strength of the obtained fibers can be controlled by changing experimental parameters for electrospinning, especially the content of RTIL in original electrospun mixture solution. The composite fibrous membranes showed ideal mechanical properties and significantly enhanced conductivity, which may be attributed to intrinsic high mechanical strength of PA6 and conductivity of RTIL.