We previously have reported that periglomerular calponin expression of the glomerulosclerotic glomeruli in the chronic nephropathy. To investigate the role of calponin during glomerulosclerosis, we examined the detailed localization pattern of calponin in chronic nephropathy rat model using serial morphometric analysis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used, and chronic nephropathy models were established at 8 and 12 weeks after single intraperitoneal injection of adriamycin (10 mg/kg body weight; n=5). In nephropathy models, 16.3% (8 weeks) and 23.4% (12 weeks) glomeruli showed calponin-positivity at glomerular area. In all these glomeruli, showing various sclerotic changes, calponin-immunoreactivities were present only both the glomerular parietal epithelial cells (PECs) and periglomerular myofibroblasts (PMFs). However, in the glomeruli with weak calponin-positive, immunoreactivity was mostly detected in PECs, suggesting that calponin may be expressed in PECs earlier than in PMFs in the glomerulosclerotic change. Some calponin-positive PECs invaded glomerular tuft with loop-shaped projection, and around this projection, nestin expression of glomerular tuft were much reduced. These results suggested that calponin-positive PECs may play a key role in the development of glomerulosclerosis, and direct contact with PECs and glomerular tuft may be more important to degenerative changes of glomeruli.