Background: NF-${kappa}B$ inhibits apoptosis through induction of antiapoptotic proteins and suppression of proapoptotic genes. Various chemotherapy agents induce NF-${kappa}B$ translocation and target gene activation. We conducted the present study to assess the predictive value of NF-${kappa}B$ regarding pathologic responses after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 131 patients with locally advanced invasive ductal breast carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect NF-${kappa}B$ expression. Evaluation of pathologic response was elaborated with the Ribero classification. Results: Expression of NF-${kappa}B$ was significantly associated with poor pathological response (p=0.02). From the multivariate analysis, it was found that the positive expression of NF-${kappa}B$ yielded RR=1.74 (95%CI 0.77 to 3.94). Conclusions: NF-${kappa}B$ can be used as a predictor of poor pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.