Objective: To explore the mechanism and significance of tumor angiogenesis by observing changes of microvessel density (MVD) and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in residual tumor tissues after cryoablation. Materials and Methods: A total of 18 nude mice xenograft models with transplanted lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 were established and randomly divided into 3 groups when the maximum diameter of tumor reached 1 cm: control, cisplatin (DDP) and cryoablation. The nude mice were sacrificed after 21-d cryoablation to obtain the tumor tissues. Then immunohistochemistry was applied to determine MVD and the expression of VEGF in tumor tissues. Results: The tumor volumes of control group, DDP group and cryoablation group were $1.48{pm}0.14cm^3$, $1.03{pm}0.12cm^3$ and $0.99{pm}0.06cm^3$ respectively and the differences were significant (P<0.01), whereas MVD values were $21.1{pm}0.86$, $24.7{pm}0.72$ and $29.2{pm}0.96$ (P<0.01) and the positive expression rates of VEGF were $36.2{pm}1.72%$, $39.0{pm}1.79%$ and $50.8{pm}2.14%$ (P<0.01), respectively, showing that MVD was proportional to the positive expression of VEGF (r=0.928, P<0.01). Conclusions: Cryoablation can effectively inhibit tumor growth, but tumor angiogenesis significantly increases in residual tumors, with high expression of VEGF playing an important role in the residual tumor angiogenesis.