The effect of calcination treatment of raw powders prior to high temperature synthesis of Ca-${alpha}$-SiAlON:$Eu^{2+}$ phosphor was investigated. Based on data acquired from thermogravimetric analysis, calcination temperatures were set at 600, 750, and $900^{circ}C$. Compared to the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of direct synthesis without calcination, a similar intensity was found for the $600^{circ}C$ treatment, a 19% increased PL intensity was found for the $750^{circ}C$ treatment, and a 23% decreased PL intensity was found for the $900^{circ}C$ treatment. Observation of the particle morphology of the synthesized phosphors revealed that the material transport promoted through the agglomerates formed by the $750^{circ}C$ treatment led to enhanced PL intensity. On the other hand, the oxidation of the starting AlN particles during the $900^{circ}C$ treatment resulted in decreased photoluminescence.