The purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of information commons and learning commons that has emerged in recent years, and point out the difference between the two concepts, as well as its implications for public libraries, which get lessons learned from learning commons at Japanese public libraries. To track its evolution to learning commons, the theoretical component of learning commons was analyzed. Based on the reference, a research framework for the case study of learning commons was developed. With IT technology diffusion, libraries have become information commons. However, the main mission of libraries should basically remain as learning. Because of this, libraries which function as information commons should go back to being learning commons, which are primarily places of learning. This research shows that libraries should stress its original basic mission which is learning, beyond being information commons in the Japanese library.