The purpose of this paper is the improvement of the speed control characteristics of induction machines suited the low resolution incremental-type encoder in a low speed region. In order to improve the control characteristics in a low speed range, we propose that the instantaneous speed control method by the instantaneous speed detection which is implemented by the disturbance torque observer. Also, in case of the speed control by the instantaneous speed detection, the simple estimation method of the mechanical inertia moment is proposed. We will carry out the mathematical verification of the proposed theory by the theoretic advisement connected with the convergence relationship of the estimated inertia moment to the real mechanical inertia moment. Computer simulations and experiments by the IGBT inverter adopting DSP is performed to verify the proposed method.