This study was done to compare and analyze the sociological factors that influence the levels of depression in convalescence hospital elderly patients and seniors who are active at home. This study was conducted by interviewing 74 hospital elderly patients and 97 stay-at-home seniors using a questionnaire which contains a scale to determine the level of depression. The results were then analyzed using two-way ANOVA based on frequency (by percentage), emotional state based upon habitation status, and the differences based on each factor. The results are as follows. First, the level of depression in hospitalized seniors was higher than stay-at-home seniors. Second, there was also a visible difference in the level of depression in hospitalized seniors and stay-at-home seniors based on factors such as sex, age, education level, marital status, family cohabitation status, perception of health, religion, level of social activity, and type of medication taken with hospitalized seniors having higher levels of depression. Third, results showed that each of the factors: age, level of education, marital status, family cohabitation status, perception of health, perception of economic status, level of social activity, level of exercise, and type of medication taken influenced the level of depression. Fourth, there was a difference in the level of depression and the interaction between habitation status according to factors of marital status, perception of health, perception of economic status, level of exercise, and type of medication taken.