In this study, dependence of education level and refractive error rate of Koreans was analyzed with statistical methods. Education level and refractive error rate is based on cohort analysis in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES) which was collected in 2009. KNHNES (2009) includes 7,346 subjects who are over 20 years old. Education level and refractive error rate involving prevalence rate of myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, anisometropia, and refractive error was investigated by t-test and Chi-square test (χ²). Prevalence rate of myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia was revealed as 43.9%, 16.5%, 61.1%, and 7.6%, respectively. Also, refractive error rate was associated with age. The myopia prevalence rate for the elementary educated adults group (24.5%) was lower than the college graduates group (65.5%). Prevalence rate of hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia for the elementary educated adults group (37.6%, 81.0%, and 12.5% respectively) were higher than that of the college graduate group (6.1%, 54.3%, and 5.4% respectively). The mean of refractive error showed -0.89±2.26D for the right eye, and -0.83±2.25D for the left eye. Refractive error rate of each age group approached myopia such as the twenty year old adults group was revealed at -2.44±2.49D, the forty year old group was -1.21±2.02D, and the sixty year old group was +0.31±2.02D. Also, refractive error rate depending on education level was increased such as the elementary educated adults group was 0.18±1.79D, the middle or high school graduate group was -0.98±2.13D, and the over college graduate group was -1.85±2.44D. This study was able to find that the refractive error rate was associated with education level and age. Recently, refractive error rate is increasing due to long periods of schooling. It is absolutely necessary that public eye health examinations should be performed periodically to check eye sight and educate about eye health.