This paper was inspired by the fundamental relationship between stories and
humans and investigated the significance and methods of studying folktales as
a way to study humans. The stories of folktales are highly advanced cognitive
mechanisms with connotative consistency in terms of forms and meaning, and
folktales are the model of human thinking and the reflection of human life.
It means that fundamental and in-depth exploration about humans is possible
through folktales. This is literary and significant task that folktale research
should pursue.
The relationship between stories of folktales and human cognition can be
found in many aspects. Humans go through the process of selection and
construction in forming memory and the mechanism is like constructing a story.
The explanation of cognitive theory that the objects of memory form chunks
and a series of memories create script-like order is closely related to folktales’
way of embodiment whereby unfamiliar and special motifs form consistent story
structure and effectively perform memory and signifying process. The fact that
the result of describing the analysis of schema of stories in cognitive theory
corresponds to the result of analysis of folktales’ syntagmatic structure by
narratologists proves that stories of folktales are important cognitive mechanisms of humans. Cognitive theory and narratology commonly show that humans are
existence of stories.
The result of examination of story-like features of human thinking and
behavior in cognitive theory is being widely applied to educational activities
and cultural contents analysis. However, the viewpoint has been fairly leaning
toward forms and functions. The research on stories as a cognitive mechanism
should be conducted through a comprehensive way integrating form and
meaning. The representative stories that are highly consistent and significant
both in form and meaning are oral folktales. This paper reviewed ‘Bell Sound’
and examined its completeness of form and thematic depth, and through ‘the
Fairy and Lumberjack’, ‘Woorung Gakshi’, and ‘Gurungdungdung Shinsunbi’, it
examined how different folktales reflect human thinking and behavior in similar
or different ways. It was a process of finding out that the approach from oral
literature is essential for the in-depth analysis of the stories of folktales as a
cognitive mechanism with highly advanced systemicity and significance.
The similarity of the stories and human cognition verifies the possibility and
effectiveness of the study of folktales as a way of studying humans. As for the
pioneering case of studying narratives based on the similarity of humans and
literature, there are achievements in the researches on literary therapeutics.
However, they were not enough to show the narrative potential of folktales.
The researchers of oral literature with expertise and capabilities in the analysis
of narratives should step forward and start a full-scale study of folktales as a
way to study humans. That will open a new era of studying oral literature.