The objective of this paper is to clarify the theory of the paradoxcial
happiness in Schopenhauer. In discussing man's life, Schopenhauer, on the one
hand, emphasizes happiness revealed in the affirmation of life; but, on the other
hand, he also advocates the denial of life and pessimism that is contrary to the
happiness of life. In order to avoid this paradox, we seek to investigate
Schopenhauer's theory of happiness based on two points of view. According to
Schopenhauer, the happiness of man, firstly, consists in the Greek understanding
of happiness founded in the affirmation of life. Secondly, there is the Christian
conception of happiness grounded in the denial of life. In the Greek
understanding of happiness, happiness is pursued in the empirical dimension.
Contrary to this, the Christian happiness is sought in the metaphysical
dimension. Moreover, the Greek understanding of happiness is divided into the
external and inner happiness. While the external happiness refers to the
satisfaction of bodily pleasure, the inner happiness signifies the satisfaction of
spiritual enjoyment, and this enjoyment is founded in a noble personality. And
the Christian understanding of happiness situated in the metaphysical realm is
possible in the ascetic life of monks and the aesthetic experience which is
founded in the will-less of pure knowledge. In the ascetic life and the aesthetic
experience, the affirmation of life is denied. Furthermore, while the Greek
happiness presupposes the individual ego, the Christian understanding of
happiness dismisses the existence of ego understood as a focal point of blind will. Ultimately what Schopenhauer pursues in his paradoxical happiness is not
the happiness of affirmation of life; but rather, the metaphysical happiness of
blissful state that is unveiled in the pure knowledge and the denial of life in
which the constant demands of desire and act of will cease.