The purpose of this study was to analyze how government initiatives have
been established as a consistent feature of the historical process through
higher education policy by focusing on the accountability policy. Meanwhile,
the diversification of policy instruments came to find out to be selected to
maintain a consistent influence of the government through the analysis of
the types of selected concrete policy instruments in the higher education
policy. The types of more emphasized accountability in higher education
were bureaucratic, professional, political and legal accountability, and market
accountability was insufficient implemented in higher education. So the
perspective of accountability by government and university perspective could
be seen as a dominant factor. Changes in the accountability policy could
came to know that this pattern changes depending on the power
relationship between the university and the government, and the adoption of
various policy instruments. The accountability policy as a complex system
was also a factor that changes the power relationship as a result of the
power relationship between the government and the university.