This research is to analyze state affairs’ ideology and science-technology leadership of successive governments from President Lee Seung-man till President Rho Tae-woo in authoritarian period. For this purpose this study performed historical analysis based on literature research. As a result of this analysis, we found that there was corelation between state affairs’ ideology and science-technology leadership of successive governments in authoritarian period. Especially, presidential conception of science and technology influenced the leadership of science and technology directly. To recognize the field of science and technology as the subordinate factor of economy and to focus economic effect through the development of science and technology weakened presidential leadership of science and technology. Strengthening the motor of national growth through the development of science and technology is period stream. Therefore, presidential will and try on the development of science and technology are very important factors in deciding the level of science and technology. President must suggest state affairs’ ideology based on the right conception of science and technology. The presidential leadership of science and technology ought to change according to the transition of period environment. Now the leadership of science and technology which decides policies and pushes ahead with them strongly is not desirable. First of all, we should establish the institution of science and technology systematically in order to show up the leadership of science and technology efficiently.