Aging has profoundly affected the overall situation of national economic and social development. The international community has paid more and more attention to the problem of population aging. Many countries are actively taking actions to build social security, public policies and pension facilities that are adapted to an aging society. The major developed countries have entered the aging society earlier, and most of them have already prepared the top-level design for aging. In the case of China, the country has launched a series of policies and measures to deal with the aging of the population, but it still needs to learn from Korea's experience in the labor market policy and the construction of the old-age security system. It also needs to improve and form a package of scientific policy measures to deal with the aging of the population. In this regard, this study looks into the overall situation of China's demographic changes and the impact of such changes on the economy and society. This study also explores the main social policies aimed at addressing the issues of aging population in China and South Korea and draws policy implications.