One of the structural changes in global fund flows and the financial industry since the global financial crisis in 2008 has been the significant increase in portfolio investments. This accompanies two major implications in terms of systemic risk. Firstly, financial institutions and systems have become vulnerable to market risks, as evidenced by recent cases of financial turmoil such as the Korean Equity Linked Securities (ELS) crisis, the collapse of Archegos Capital Management, the UK pension crisis, and the bankruptcy of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB). Secondly, the possibility of financial instability through cross-border capital flows has increased. Therefore, Korea needs to address these potential risks by strengthening the supervision of market risks and foreign currency liquidity.