This study is designed to focus on how an old puppet show(Goi Roi Hi(傀儡戱) of China, Korea and Japan in the Middle Ages has been developed centering around the lower classes.
The Middle Ages can be regarded as the time of convulsions, with the three countries of East Asia seeking changes. In particular, it was the period when the discrimination between the upper classes and lower classes got worse and the latter suffered from the oppression of the upper classes, in Koryo(高麗), Song(宋), Won(元), and the Heian Era. At that time, the lower classes were mostly slaves to be traded, inherited and given up.
In case of Korea, there were Yang Su Chuck(揚水尺), who made and sold wicker trunks by wandering from place to place, Hwa Chuck(禾尺), who butchered animals, Jae In(才人), who performed by wandering around places, and Ki Saeng(妓生), who sold alcoholic drinks while showing performances. No burden was imposed upon them and they could not be permitted to have even a family register, too.
In China, economic extortion and political oppression made the peasantry furious and it sparked off the revolt of farmers all over the country. For example, in Won(元) Age, a lot of refugees(wanderers) came into existence after the wars and it became a social issue. Salesclerks, performers, slaves in government employ were not regarded as humans because they did not have a family register. Among them, performers(唱優) wandered from place to place to entertain people and made their living by it.
In Japan, while the nobles of Heian Era were enjoying their hobbies in good financial circumstances, many people got into temples by getting away from the delusion and deception of the upper classes and became slaves there. The slums, Ha Won (河原) and San So(散所) are representative examples of it. It was general that the lower classes people engaged in agriculture, stock-farming, hunting and manual work, although there were some differences among the three countries. Especially a section of these people was related to Yoen Hee(演戱) and made their living by performances. Around this time in East Asia, the performances are especially held by the lower classes and they did it mainly in small towns, Wa Sa(瓦肆), temples and palaces in each country.
In case of Goi Roi Hi(傀儡戱), Korea was influenced by China, but since the Middle Ages it tended to have had its own unique style since the Middle Ages. Japan preserved its own content of performances, although it wore the stamp of Korean wandering performers. For confirming it more precisely, Yoen Hee poetry(演戱詩) of Korea and China give great help to Korea and China. On the other hand, it is pity that such poetry is not found in Japan. However, despite the fact that the three countries have different titles and terms of Goi Roi Hi(傀儡戱) in conditions and development, we can confirm that they show similarities in many ways.