The purpose of this study is to understand and interpret the characteristic of primary education in the aspects of aim, contents and method. I will be considering the contextual phases of education in the view of Whitehead\'s process philosophy. Whitehead\'s process philosophy is valuable in that it overcomes the problems on separate relationship between subject and object in modern philosophy through the idea of reciprocal relationship in the process. Also, the idea of rhythmical education in accordance with developmental stage makes it possible to recognize the unique characteristic of various educational phases. Therefore, it is significant that the essential characteristic of primary education is interpreted with the lens of Whitehead\'s process philosophy. In this paper, the stage of romance of the contextual characteristic of primary education phase has been interpreted as following: first, the development of the characteristic of childhood and the initiation for social life, second, the appropriate contents for timing of a developmental stage, third, making relationship. In effect, the process philosophical approach on primary education could be possible only when we recognize the meaning of education in the process of life and acknowledge the unique values of various educational contexts.