This study focused on the fact that most of the youth in the residental care center have to \'Independent Living\' after leaving when they turn to eighteen. Then, I tried to help them to adapt to the society and independent living after finding out the factors and process which affect the readiness for independent living. The subject of this study is the middle/high school students and the students who quit their study. They aged from thirteen to twenty who lived in the ten residential care centers within Jeollanam-do. Numbers of the materials used in the final analysis were 205 copies. The results are as follows: The analysis of the relationship shows meaningful correlations between social support and career maturity, social support and readiness for independent living, career maturity and readiness for independent living. In case of the influence of social support and career maturity on the readiness for independent living, both have meaningful influence and the career maturity has more powerful influence on the readiness for independent living. The mediating effects of the career maturity on the relationships between the social support and the readiness for independent living, the social support has indirect effect on the readiness for independent living as a mediator of career maturity. Based on the above results, ① the program of social skills training is needed. ② the training program for the managers in the residential centers as a way of improving the social support is needed. ③ the visiting service of the professional helps the youth to form a friendly connect and provides personal or group counseling. ④ More professional information and guide on youth’s future has to be provided by assigning professional human resources. ⑤ the program for independent living is provided earlier for the youth in the residential care.