The purpose of the study was to find whether learner participation in instruction was affected by student's properties or instructor's efforts. Based on the review of previous studies, research variables selected were student's basic psychological needs which were consisted of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, and instructor's support for autonomy and instructional strategies. Although student's background variables, such as sex, level of achievement, socio-economic level, or race, were found to affect student's participation in learning, the study excluded these variables so as to focus on the psychological characteristics related to instruction treatments. After conducting a survey on 473 middle school students, the data being collected were analyzed by a stepwise regression analysis, showing that instructor's support for autonomy and learner's competence were statistically significant in facilitating learner participation in instruction. According to these results, it was concluded that learner participation in instruction could be facilitated by teacher's effort, especially supporting student for autonomy, and also by students' competence. It was suggested that teachers need to build the learning climate in classroom that supports learner for autonomy, and provide experiences to fulfill the need for competence.