The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the culture of students\' learning in middle school. It has been regarded as one of the most distinctive educational phenomena in Korean students\' culture composing school culture. Based on the ethnographic data collected, the study administered answer the following questions : 1. What activities do students do for learning in living and lessons of middle school, and what attitude and recognition do they have about learning? 2. What activities do students do for learning in living and lessons of ‘HAKWON (cram school)’, and what attitude and recognition do they have about learning? The major research method of this study is ethnographic interview. In addition, the researcher used the description survey, the document research, and a record of learning diary. The results of this study are as follows. First, students have the most important meaning on preparation for an examination in school learning. They devide \'the subjects with sample questions\' from \'the subjects without sample questions\' when they prepare for an examination. Besides, According to terms of examination, students concentrate on learning differently. Second, students want \'teaching by explanation\'. It is the teaching pattern that teachers mainly explain the contents of textbooks. They want to understand perfectly and systematically the contents of textbooks. They dislike \"only making progress\". Third, the major purpose of ‘cram school’ is to make students advance academic achivement of students and it is related to strategy for existence of \'cram school\'. These results show that school on the public education cannot entirely accomplish educational function. A given condition of education and assessment system will have to be improved in order that school can stand on the center of education.