The effect of vanadate on the optimum pH of Na-K-ATPase was investigated. The results were as follows: 1) The optimum PH of Na-K-ATPase was shifted from PH 7.4 to 6.8 at 10 mM K by 5 X 10-6M vanadate. 2) The ratio of Na-K-ATPase activity at pH 6.8 and 7.4 increased with increasing vanadate concentration. 3) Inspite of the presence of 5 X 10-6M vanadate Na-K-ATPase activity at pH 7.4 was higher than that at pH 6.8 below 50 mM Na+, and the ratio of Na-K-ATPase activity at pH 7,4 and 6.8 was higher than that of the control. 4) Na-K-ATPase activity at pH 7.4 was higher than that at pH 6.8 below 7mM K+. 5) Optimum pH of Na-K-ATPase activity was shifted from pH 7.4 to 6.8 by 10-5M vanadate at 5 mM K+. 6) K+-pNPPase activity increased with lowering of pH, and the degree of inhibition of K+-pNPPase activity by 10-7M vanadate was decreased with lowering of pH. These results suggest that vanadate shifts the optimum pH of Na-K-ATPase activity to more acidic PH than PH 7.4. This effect may not be caused by the decrease in the inhibitory potency of vanadate itself to Na-K-ATPase by the change of medium pH, but mainly by the alteration of Na-and K-binding site, which appears in the presence of vanadate only.