Either the contraction of isolated was deferens or the increase of heart rate in the pithed rats induced by electrical stimulation was significantly augmented by cadmium administration (10 μmols of cadmium acetate every other day for 2 weeks i.p.). These stimulation-induced responses were diminished by α2-adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, and the inhibition was antagonized by yohimbine. Furthermore, the increase in diastolic blood pressure by clonidine was also significantly reduced after cadmium administration, whereas that by methoxamine was not influenced with this dose range of cadmium. With these results it may be postulated that the long-term cadmium exposure may preferentially affect the responsiveness of the presynaptic as well as the postsynaptic α2-adrenoceptors.