In tile Iron-catalyzed Haber-Weiss reaction to produce OH., the requirement for O2-⋅ is only to reduce Fe+++. Possibly, the role of O2-⋅ can be replaced by other reducing agents. Ascorbate is one of them in biological system. In the present study, the ability of ascorbate to produce OH⋅ in the presence of Fe++ and H2O2 was investigated by observing the degradation of hyaluronic acid and ethylene production from methional. Ascorbate stimulated the degradation of hyaluronic by Fe++ and H2O2. That was confirmed by both viscosity change and gel-permeation chromatographic analysis. The observed degradation was almost completely prevented by catalase and OH⋅ scavengers. In support of the above results, ascorbate enhanced the prouction of ethylene from methional in the presence of Fe++ and H2O2. Other reducing agents (cysteine, glutathione, NADH and NADPH) showed similar activities to ascorbate in the degradation of hyaluronic acid and ethylene production. But no stimulatory effects were observed with their oxidized forms such as NAD and NADP. Thus, it appears that reduction of the metal ion was needed for OH⋅ production. Among the metal ions tested, Fe++ showed most potent catalytic action in the production of OH⋅ The results obtained support that ascorbate can substitute O2-⋅ in the metal-catalyzed reactions, particularly with Fe++ by which OH⋅ is produced with H2O2. The significance of the ascorbate-dependent production of OH⋅ was considered with respect to possible role of ascorbate in the damage of inflamed joints.