A mirror neuron is a neuron that is known to imitate the actions, intentions, and emotions of others in their minds, and is thereby responsible for human empathy. The discovery of mirror neurons in psychology was as important as the discovery of DNA in biology. Mirror neurons provide an important reason for our human being to become one of the best living creatures on earth, unlike other animals. Especially, the act of imitating the actions and emotions of others in a moment is the product of evolution. What is interesting is that mirror neurons are not only imitating the actions of others, but are also involved in reading the intentions contained in them. This study examined the system of mirror neurons and their social effects through an in depth review of recent domestic and foreign studies. This provides implications for the expansion of the brain-based education, and in particular, it is a basic research to examine how brain science research can be related to education.