The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between parent-child communication, adolescent depression, and self-resilience. The survey used a sample of 433 students, 197 boys and 235 girls, from 40 middle schools in four different districts (Gangwon, Gyeonggi, Seoul, and Daegu). The results of this study are as follows. First, adolescent depression is lower when parent-child communication is open and becomes higher when father-child communication is dysfunctional. Second, there are positive relationships between both open and dysfunctional communication and self-resilience. Third, there is no significant moderating effect of self-resilience for relationships between parent-child communication and adolescent depression. Based on the above results, the importance of parent-child communication and self-resilience related to adolescent depression is discussed. It is also suggested that the educational program is needed to improve self-resilience, also called internal immunity, which is defined as roles in the home and personal ability that help an adolescent resist experiencing depression.