This paper aims to introduce the new concept of vigilantism and raise the necessity for the research of it. The nation-states such as South Korea take it for granted that all the aspects of the people’s lives are governed and controlled by the police. Nevertheless, as seen in the massive rally as well as small crimes, there are many cases that have the tendency that some individuals and groups would like to realize justice. As to the self-helping efforts like this, their characteristics can say whether it is legitimate or not. However, the examples of showing force besides the government authority are discovered without difficulty in the structuralized groups, such as companies, religious gatherings, labor unions, residents’ association, etc. Given that the government cannot adequately control all the activities, the researchers will discuss the internal and external theories and cases of vigilantism. As a research method, the authors introduce new thinking of vigilantism by analyzing its etymology and cultural difference and insist on the need of the convergence study covering the humanities based on the theory of justice and the social studies working on social phenomena through the international case studies and the national trend of research regarding vigilantism.