中國自古以來，強調法律必須兼顧情、理、法。君王常以「獄空」宣示其愛民施政的心願。幅員廣大的中國，需要一批訓練有素的官僚，居中宣導政令。於是，中央設計出法律施行守則，教育地方官如何處理複雜的民政問題。中國歷來重視法律的教化多於懲戒。官方常是「以理喻，以情恕，如家人父子調停家事，漸成無訟之風」，對待人民的爭訟。本文舉清朝為例，以清康熙頒布的《聖諭》與雍正闡發《聖諭》的《聖諭廣訓》為主要討論依據，配合地方官施政手冊《江西政要》，輔以家訓、清人筆記小說，互相參照之下，討論清代法律在地方上的落實與妥協。 中國, 民事調解, 地方官, 清朝法律, 訴訟, 〈聖諭〉,《聖諭廣訓》
Sympathy with forgiveness, legal logic and legal explanation must be all take in consideration from Chinese legal view since ancient times. Chinese emperors often expressed their administrative vision of cherishing their people that they hoped nobody would be imprisoned. Chinahassuchavastterritorythatsheneedsagroupofwell-trainedlocalofficersto carry out the policy of the government. Then, the central government issued some implemented rules to teach the local officers how to deal with the complicated civil problem. Chinese government has always paid attention to the educational function of the law more than disciplining as a warning. When Chinese local officers dealt with legal cases, they gave advisement reasonably and considerably, just like father edified his son, so to make legal cases fewer and fewer. This paper set the Qing Dynasty as example to discuss the implementation and compromise of law in the localities during the Qing Dynasty, based on Kang Xi’s “The Emperor's Instructions” and Yong Zheng’s A Popularization and Explanation of “The Emperor's Instructions” as the chief historical data. Besides, historical data such as Administrative knack in JiangxiProvince, family precepts, sketchbook novels of Qing Dynasty were all adopted. 주제어: China, civil negotiation, law of Qing Dynasty, legal case, local officer, APopularizationandExplanationof“TheEmperor'sInstructions” , “The Emperor's Instructions”.
1.前言
2.中國法律的人治取向
2-1執政者的心態
2-2官民思想觀念
2-3社會組織架構
3.地方官的執法考量
3-1因俗立教，隨地置宜
3-2推廣教化，宣講法令
3-3嚴防訟師知法、玩法
4.結語