주의력결핍 과잉행동장애(Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 이하 ADHD)란 인간의 행동을 기준으로 할 때 나타나는 인지 발달의 장애를 말하며(American Psychiatric Association, 1994), 아동의 정신적, 사회적 기능에 대한 문제를 야기 시키는 신경행동학적 질환이며, 매우 강한 유전적 성향을 가지고 있고, 아동기에 시작하여 대부분 성인까지 지속되기도 한다(Biederman, 2005). ADHD의 주증상은 충동성, 과잉행동 및 주의력 결핍 등이 있으며(Greenhill, 1998), 아동기 ADHD 발생률은 약 5~12% 정도이고(Fayyad et al., 2007; Polanczyk et al., 2007), 이중 30~65% 정도가 성인까지 나타나며(Nutt & Fone, 2007), 남자 아이가 여자 아이에 비해 높은 발병률을 가지고 있다(Wilens et al., 2002). 이와 관련된 국내 연구에서는 학령기 아동의 7.6% 정도가 ADHD를 가지고 있는 것으로 보고한 바 있고, 소아정신과 및 정신보건 서비스 기관으로 의뢰되는 아동 중에 30~50% 정도가 이 질환을 가지고 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다(김진구, 김홍근, 2008).
The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of Hapkido training on behavior problem (distraction, leaving seat, hyperactivity), body composition, and heart rate in elementary children suspected with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The subjects of the present study was 31, which were classified into 3 groups. One group was performed to Hapkido training with hypogastric breathing, another group was performed to Hapkido training without hypogastric breathing, the other group was not performed to Hapkido training during 8 weeks, respectively. They were suspected ADHD by an evaluation paper for ADHD to two examiners. Two examiners were parents and teacher, respectively. The research result as follows: There was significantly different among groups in ADHD evaluation parent-scales. In other words, Hapkido training with hypogastric breathing groups were significantly decreased in ADHD evaluation points after 8 weeks. There was a propensity to decrease body weight and fat mass in body composition of two Hapkido groups. There was also significantly decrease in heart rate of two Hapkido groups. In other words, Hapkido training with or without hypogastric breathing groups were significantly decreased in heart rates from resting, testing, and ending periods, respectively after 8 weeks. In conclusion, these results present that Hapkido training can improve ADHD behavior, fat mass, and heart rates. Furthermore, we can recognize that Hapkido training method with hypogastric breathing is better than Hapkido training method without hypogastric breathing in ADHD children.
Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅱ. 연구방법 Ⅲ. 연구결과 Ⅳ. 논의 Ⅴ. 결론 및 제언 참고문헌 ABSTRACTS
