The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference between career decision and career development efficacy of vacational high school students before and after the promotion of secondary vocational education policy considering various school and student variables of students. To do this, the propensity score matching was adapted to KEEPⅠ2006 data and KEEP Ⅱ2016 data that examined the same grade at 10 years gap. The findings of the current study were as follows. Comparing the patterns of change over the decade, the total number of schools and the number of students in academic and vocational high schools in 2006 and 2016 did not show any significant change. However, after 2016, the employment rate of students who graduated from vocational high schools exceeded the entrance rate. In addition, satisfaction with individuals, families, and schools was found to increased after implementation of secondary vocational education policy. As a result of analyzing career education achievement after controlling the difference between these two groups, the career decision and career development efficacy of specialized high school students in 2016 were higher than those of vocational high school students in 2006. In addition, the career capacity of meister high school students were higher than that of the specialized high school students in 2016. Finally, based on the results of the current study, policy implications for the implementation of effective secondary vocational education policies and the direction of subsequent research were discussed.